Studi penggunaan membran berslot untuk memproduksi emulsi minyak/air

Putu Doddy, Ester Susanti, Debby Mariana

Abstract


Emulsion is dispersion system, which consist of two or more immiscible liquids. If this system is not stable, particle dispersed will form separate layer. The degree of instability will be greater if size of dispersed particles is not uniform. Generally, emulsion is produced by using high speed homogenizer, which will destruct the product. Some technology has been developed to overcome this problem. One of such technology is membrane emulsification, where the emulsion is flowed through the membrane so the size of particles will be smaller and more uniform. Symmetric membrane, which is used effectively to produce emulsion, has been used in this research. From the experiments, it has been proved that 28 microns membrane could produce emulsion, which has small and uniform size of particles. Emulsion with feed concentration of 10 % w/w and concentration of surfactant 3 % w/w has the highest degree of stability with particle sizes in the range of 3.5–13.5 microns. Fluxes were decreased if we use higher feed and surfactant concentration.

Keywords: Emulsion, microfiltration, slotted membrane


Abstrak

Emulsi adalah dispersi dua atau lebih cairan yang tidak bercampur. Jika sistem ini tidak stabil, maka partikel terdispersi akan bergabung membentuk lapisan terpisah. Ketidakstabilan emulsi semakin tinggi jika ukuran partikel terdispersi besar dan distribusi ukurannya tidak seragam. Umumnya pembuatan emulsi dilakukan dengan pengadukan kecepatan tinggi yang merugikan jika bahan sensitif terhadap tekanan. Banyak cara dikembangkan untuk mengatasi hal ini, salah satunya adalah teknologi membran emulsifikasi, dimana emulsi dilewatkan melalui membran agar ukuran partikel terdispersi menjadi lebih kecil dan seragam sehingga emulsi stabil. Membran simetris yang efektif untuk memproduksi emulsi adalah membran mikrofiltrasi berslot seperti dalam penelitian ini. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan membran berslot 28 m memberikan ukuran dan distribusi partikel yang kecil dan seragam. Emulsi minyak dalam air yang paling stabil adalah pada konsentrasi umpan 10% (b/b) dan konsentrasi surfaktan 3% (b/b) dengan ukuran partikel berkisar antara 3,5–13,5 µm. Fluks menurun bila konsentrasi umpan dan surfaktan semakin besar.

Kata kunci: emulsi, mikrofiltrasi, membran berslot


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2010.9.1.3

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