Permodelan ekstraksi fluida superkritis

M Margono

Abstract


Supercritical Fluid Extraction have been used widely in the natural material industries, because it produced excellent mass transfer properties, ease solubility control due to temperature and pressure. A mathematical model based on shrinking-core model of the extraction process and simulation were used. Mechanism of the extraction process involves dissolution of solute, diffusion to the surface of a solid particle in the porous region (intraparticle diffusion), and mass transfer across stagnant film around the solid particle. Partial differential equation involves steady-state, axial convection and mass transfer from surface of the particle through a film around it were used to solve this model equation. The curves of Peclet number, Biot number on the extracted concentrations are compared to study the effects of operating conditions on concentration extracted of modeling. A developing model is the aim of this work where it could be used to get data and plot the whole curves, while the result of experiments could not work well. It is concluded that a "Shrinking-Core" model of supercritical extraction could be used to know the effect of particle size, length of extractor and also intraparticle diffusion effective.


Key Words: Shrinking-Core Model, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Dispersion, Stagnant Film.
 

Abstrak


Ekstraksi fluida superkritis telah dipergunakan secara luas dalam industri-industri hasil alam, karena sifat-sifat perpindahan panasnya sangat baik dan mudahnya pengontrolan suhu dan tekanan. Model matematik yang dipergunakan adalah model shrinking-core dan simulasi dari proses ekstraksi. Mekanisme suatu proses ekstraksi meliputi pelarutan, difusi ke arah permukaan partikel padat di dalam daerah porous (difusi intrapartikel), dan perpindahan massa melalui film stagnan yang mengelilingi partikel padat. Penyelesaian persamaan dari model ini menggunakan anggapan steady-state dengan konveksi ke arah aksial dan adanya perpindahan massa dari permukaan padatan melalui film yang mengelilinginya. Juga dipelajari pengaruh kondisi operasi dibandingkan kurva bilangan Peclet, bilangan Biot pada konsentrasi terekstrak terhadap hasil dari pemodelan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat suatu model, dimana model yang dikembangkan ini dapat dipergunakan untuk menghitung dan menggambarkan grafik secara keseluruhan, yang kalau dari hasil eksperimen saja tidak mungkin dilakukan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model "Shrinking-Core" dari proses ekstraksi superkritis dapat dipergunakan untuk mengukur pengaruh dari ukuran partikel yang dipakai untuk penelitian, pengaruh panjang ekstraktor dan mengetahui efektivitas difusi intrapartikel.


Kata Kunci: Shrinking-core  Model, Ekstraksi Fluida Superkritis, Dispersi, Film Stagnan.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2004.3.2.1

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