Pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi mediator pada biodelignifikasi menggunakan enzim kasar lignin peroksidase
Abstract
Pulp and paper industries all over the world are facing an ever increasing pressure from environmentally concern organization due to lignin delignification using chemicals that is harmful for the environment. Lignin degradation process using biological treatment such as using enzyme lignin peroxidase is very promising since it is a benign process using minimum or even no hazardous chemicals. Biodelignification process has been performed using crude enzymes secreted from White Rot Fungi. The enzymes are Lignin Peroxide (LiP), in which these enzymes need the addition of mediator as cofactor in order for the enzymes to work in vitro. The mediators used for LiP are veratryl alcohol (VA) and in which their concentration was varied. It was shown from the experiments that by using these crude enzymes, 28,7% of lignin degradation on baggase were achieved using VA: H2O2 ratio of 40/40 mM, and without mediators lignin degradation was only 10,8% Using the same ratio of mediators, 28,2% of lignin degradation on pulp was achieved, and without mediators lignin degradation on pulp were just 9,5%.
Key Words: Lignin Peroxidase, Biopulping, Biobleaching, Pulp, Mediator
Abstrak
Industri pulp dan kertas di dunia menghadapi tekanan yang semakin keras dari organisasi peduli lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan proses penghilangan lignin yang mencemari lingkungan. Pada umumnya proses penghilangan lignin dilakukan dengan menggunakan senyawa kimia yang menghasilkan limbah yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Proses delignifikasi menggunakan cara biologi (biobleaching atau biopulping), antara lain dengan menggunakan enzim lignin peroksidase, tanpa atau sedikit menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya merupakan proses yang ramah lingkungan sehingga memberikan alternatif yang menjanjikan. Pada percobaan ini telah dilakukan proses biodelignifikasi menggunakan enzim kasar yang dihasilkan oleh jamur pelapuk putih. Enzim Lignin Peroksidase (LiP) yang diproduksi jamur pelapuk putih ini membutuhkan mediator sebagai kofaktor bagi kerja enzim secara in vitro. Mediator yang dipakai adalah veratryl alcohol (VA) dan H2O2, dimana konsentrasinya digunakan sebagai variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan enzim kasar dari jamur pelapuk putih Phanerochaete chrysosporium. dicapai degradasi lignin tertinggi untuk substrat bagas sebesar 28,7% pada perbandingan mediator 40 mM VA: 40 mM H2O2, sedangkan tanpa penambahan mediator degradasi lignin hanya sebesar 10,8%. Dengan perbandingan mediator yang sama, untuk substrat pulp, dicapai degradasi lignin sebesar 28,2%, sedangkan tanpa penambahan mediator hanya didapatkan degradasi lignin sebesar 9,5%.
Kata Kunci: Lignin Peroksidase, Biopulping, Biobleaching, Pulp, Mediator
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Annual Book of ASTM standards part 22: wood, adhesives D 1103-60, 1981 a.
Annual Book of ASTM standards part 22: wood, adhesives D 1106-56, 1981ba.
Bratasida, Liana (1982), "Substrat Jamur Pelapuk pada Penyimpanan Kayu Bahan baku Pulp", Berita Selulosa, Juni - V.ol XVIII No. 2, Balai Besar Selulosa Bandung, halaman 33- 34.
Burdsall JR Harold H (1998)," Environmental Friendly Technologies for Plup and Paper Industry", edisi I, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, halaman 259-260.
Camerero, S., Sarkar, S: Description of Versatile Peroxide Involved in the Natural Degradation of Lignin that has both manganese Peroxide and Lignin Peroxide Substrate Interaction Sites, J. Biol. Chern., 274, 1999.
Fengel, D dan Wegener G (1984)," Kayu, Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-reaksi", Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, halaman 30-34,155-176.
Hattaka, A., " Biopolimers", Vol. 1, Ch 5, University of Helsinki, Finlandia, 2001.
Kirk, T.K. & H.M. Chang, "Biotechnology in pulp and Paper Manufacture", Butterworth Heineman, USA 1990. Koduri. RS., Tien M. (1995), " Oxidation of Guaiacol by Lignin peroxidase ", Biological Chemistry Journals.
Leatham, G.F., G.C. Myers dan T.H. Wegner, "Biomechanical Pulping of Aspen Chips : Paper strength and Optical Properties Resulting from Different Fungal Treatments" ,Tappi Jornal 1990.
Leonowicz, A., Matuszewska, A., Luterek, J., Ziegenhagen, Wasilewska, MW., Cho, NS., Hofrichter and Rogalski, J., "Biodegradation of Lignin by White Rot Fungi", Departemen of Biochemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Polandia, 1999.
Nakamura, Y, and T. Sawada; "Lignin peroxidase production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium Immobilized on Polyurethane Foam," J. Chern. Eng, Japan.,30, 1-6(1997).
Rimko ten Have, Robert G. De Thouars, Henk J, Swarts and Jim A. Field: Veratryl Alcohol Mediated oxidation of isoeugenyl acetate by lignin peroxidase, Eur. J. Biochem. 265, 1008 - 1014 ( 1999).
Schlegel, Hans G (1994), "Mikrobiologi Umum", Edisi VI, Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, halaman 484- 487.
Shimada, M. (1987),: Regiospesific oxygenations during ring cleavage of secondry metabolite, 3,4- dimethoxybenzyl alcohol catalyzed by lignin peroxidase," FEBS Letters, Vol221, No 2, page 327-331.
Tien, M. And T.K. Kirk; "Lignin Peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, "Meth. Enzymol., 161, 238-244 (1988).
Valli, K., Barry, J., Brock, Dinesh, K., Joshi dan Michael, "Degradation of 2,4- Dinitrotoluene by The Lignin Degrading Fungus Phanerochaete Chrysosporium", J. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology, (1992)
Wariishi, Hiroyuki, dkk (1998), "Direct Interaction of Lignin and Lignin Peroksidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium ", PNAS.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2004.3.2.2
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia (JTKI) published by Asosiasi Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik Kimia Indonesia (APTEKIM)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.