Produksi kultur rendam jamur Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus oryzae ITBCCL sebagai sumber enzim untuk produksi bioetanol dari singkong
Abstract
Bio ethanol is a very attractive fuel source for communities or even countries that wish to be self-sustainable and not reliant on foreign resources. A variety of feedstock materials may be used to produce ethanol, such as glucose or starchy material (cassava, corn, etc.), by preparing it with a hydrolysis pre-treatment to form glucose. The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch requires at least two different enzymes such as α-amylase for liquefaction process and maltase for saccharification process. The main objective of this research is to produce sub-merged culture enzyme from Aspergillus sp that contained α-amylase and maltase enzymes in sufficient quantity to convert starch which is contained in cassava powder to form glucose. Aspergillus niger CCL 74 ITB and Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB were cultivated in sub-merged culture. The main raw material of the medium had been varied between vinase from molasse and cake from peanut. Sub-merged culture from Aspergillus niger CCL74 ITB in the vinase medium gave higher a-amylase and maltase activities, compare to sub merged culture from A. oryzae CCL ITB. Using vinase from molasse gave higher enzymes yield than using medium from peanut cake.
Keywords: α-amylase and Maltase, Sub-merged culture of Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus oryzae
Abstrak
Bahan bakar hayati seperti bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar ramah lingkungan yang potensial dalam mengurangi impor BBM Indonesia. Rute utama pembuatan bioetanol adalah viafermentasi bahan berkarbohidrat. Bahan berkarbohidrat yang potensial dikembangkan di Indonesia dalam produksi bioetanol adalah singkong. Proses konversi pati dalam singkong menjadi etanol biasanya dilakukan melalui proses enzimatik yaitu proses likuefaksi oleh enzim α-amilase, proses sakarifikasi oleh enzim maltase dan fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kultur jamur Aspergillus sp. yang menghasilkan enzim α-amilase dan maltase dalam kuantitas memadai yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber enzim penghidrolisis pati dalam singkong. Jenis jamur yang digunakan Aspergillus niger CCL 74 ITB dan Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB. Bahan baku utama medium divariasikan antara vinase dan bungkil kacang tanah. Kultur Aspergillus niger CCL74 ITB memberikan aktivitas a-amilase dan maltase yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kultur Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB. Penggunaan vinase memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan medium bungkil kacang tanah dalam produksi kedua enzim.
Kata Kunci: Enzim α-amilase, Glukoamilase, Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus oryzae
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bio ethanol is a very attractive fuel source for communities or even countries that wish to be self-sustainable and not reliant on foreign resources. A variety of feedstock materials may be used to produce ethanol, such as glucose or starchy material (cassava, corn, etc.), by preparing it with a hydrolysis pre-treatment to form glucose. The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch requires at least two different enzymes such as α-amylase for liquefaction process and maltase for saccharification process. The main objective of this research is to produce sub-merged culture enzyme from Aspergillus sp that contained α-amylase and maltase enzymes in sufficient quantity to convert starch which is contained in cassava powder to form glucose. Aspergillus niger CCL 74 ITB and Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB were cultivated in sub-merged culture. The main raw material of the medium had been varied between vinase from molasse and cake from peanut. Sub-merged culture from Aspergillus niger CCL74 ITB in the vinase medium gave higher a-amylase and maltase activities, compare to sub merged culture from A. oryzae CCL ITB. Using vinase from molasse gave higher enzymes yield than using medium from peanut cake.
Keywords: α-amylase and Maltase, Sub-merged culture of Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus oryzae
Abstrak
Bahan bakar hayati seperti bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar ramah lingkungan yang potensial dalam mengurangi impor BBM Indonesia. Rute utama pembuatan bioetanol adalah viafermentasi bahan berkarbohidrat. Bahan berkarbohidrat yang potensial dikembangkan di Indonesia dalam produksi bioetanol adalah singkong. Proses konversi pati dalam singkong menjadi etanol biasanya dilakukan melalui proses enzimatik yaitu proses likuefaksi oleh enzim α-amilase, proses sakarifikasi oleh enzim maltase dan fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kultur jamur Aspergillus sp. yang menghasilkan enzim α-amilase dan maltase dalam kuantitas memadai yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber enzim penghidrolisis pati dalam singkong. Jenis jamur yang digunakan Aspergillus niger CCL 74 ITB dan Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB. Bahan baku utama medium divariasikan antara vinase dan bungkil kacang tanah. Kultur Aspergillus niger CCL74 ITB memberikan aktivitas a-amilase dan maltase yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kultur Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB. Penggunaan vinase memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan medium bungkil kacang tanah dalam produksi kedua enzim.
Kata Kunci: Enzim α-amilase, Glukoamilase, Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus oryzae
Adams, S. L., Balankura, B., Andreasen, A.A dan Stark, W.H., (1947), Ind Eng. Chern.,Vol. 39, p. 1615-17
Corman, J., Tsuchiya, H.M., dan Koepsell, H.J., (1954), "Starch Saccharifying Enzyme High in Maltase Activity", U.S. Patent no. 2, 676, 905, 27 April
Costa-Riberio, C., Castello-Branco, J.R. (1981), Process Biochem. 16(4)
Fogarty, W.M., Kelly, C.T., (1979), "Starch Degrading Enzymes of Microbial Origin", Progress in Industrial Microbiology Vol. 15 (Bull, M.J., Ed.). Amsterdam: Elsiever
Guymont, J.F. dan E.A. Crowell, ( 1959), "The Chemical Determination of Alcohol in Wines and Stillage by Dichromate;,' J. A soc. Qffc. Agr. Chern. 42(2) 393
Hanson, A.M., Bailey, T.A., Malzahn, R.C., dan Corman, J., (1955), "Plant Scale Evaluation of A Fungal Amylase Process for Grain Alcohol", Agricultural Food Chem., Vol3 No. 10, October
Hizukuri, S., (1996), "Starch: Analytical Aspects", In Carbohydrates in Food (A.C. Eliasson, ed.), pp.347-429. Marcel Dekker, inc., New York
LeMense, E.H., Sohns, V.E., Corman., J., Blom, R.H., Lanen, J.M., dan Langlykke, A.F., (1949)," Subemerged Mold Amylase and Saccharifying Agent" Ind Eng. Chern. Vol. 41 No. 1 Januari
Roehr, M., (2001), "The Biotechnology of Ethanol: Clasical and Future Applications", Wiley-vch, Weinheim
Sandstedt, R.M., E. Kneen, dan Blish, M.J., (1939), "A Standardized Wolgenmth Procedur for Alpha-amylase Activity", Cereal Chem. 16.712-723
Teixeira, C., Andreasen, A.A., dan Kolacov, P., ( 1950), "Ethyl Alcohol from Cassava", Ind. Eng. Chern., Vol. 42 No. 9 September
Tsuchiya, HM., Corman, J., Kopsell, H.J., (1950) "Production of Mold Amylases in Submerged Culture", Cereal Chern.
Wang's, Nam Sun, (2005), "Starch Hydroiysis by Amylase'', Biochem. Eng. Lab, Dept Chern Eng. Univ. Maryland
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.3
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia (JTKI) published by Asosiasi Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik Kimia Indonesia (APTEKIM)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.