Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbon and its influence on methylene blue adsorption

David Wibowo, Lanny Setyadhi, Suryadi Ismadji

Abstract


The adsorption behavior of activated carbons is determined not only by their porous structures but also by the chemical nature of its surface. The surface chemistry of activated carbons can be selectively modified in order to improve their adsorption capacity. In this study, a NORIT granular activated carbon was treated by oxidant (HNO3) and non-oxidant acid (HCI) at different concentrations and temperatures. The surface chemistries of the materials were characterized by Boehm titration method and by the determination of the point of zero charge (pHPZC).The adsorption properties of the selected samples were studied by adsorption of methylene blue, which is one of the important dyes and found in many textile effluents. In addition, the pore structures of the modified carbons were also studied by argon adsorption at 87.29 K. As results, it was observed that both HN03 and HCI treatments could increase the surface acidity of activated carbons. Activated carbons modified by HCI gave the best performance on the adsorption of methylene blue.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Surface Chemistry, Chemical Treatment, Boehm Titration Method, Adsorption

 

Abstrak

Kemampuan adsorpsi karbon akti.ftidak hanya ditentukan oleh struktur pori tetapijuga dipengaruhi oleh sifat kimia dari permukaannya. Sifat kimia permukaan karbon aktif dapat secara selektif dimodifikasi dengan tujuan untuk lebih meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsinya. Pada penelitian ini, karbon aktif NORIT granular ditreatment dengan menggunakan asam oksidator (HNO) dan non-oksidator (HCI) pada berbagai konsentrasi dan suhu. Sifat kimia permukaan karbon aktif dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan metode titrasi Boehm serta dengan penentuan point of zero charge (pHPZC). Kemampuan adsorpsinya diuji dengan mengadsorp larutan methylene blue, dimana methylene blue merupakan salah satu komponen dalam limbah tekstil. Sedangkan struktur pori karbon aktif dianalisa dengan adsorpsi Ar pada suhu 87,29 K. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik treatment dengan HNO3 maupun HCI dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan sifat asam pada permukaan karbon aktif. Karbon aktif yang diberi perlalatan dengan HCI memberikan kemampuan adsorpsi yang paling baik dalam adsorpsi larutan methylen biru.

Kata Kunci: Karbon Aktif, Sifat Kimia Permukaan, Perlakuan dengan Larutan Kimia, Metode Titrasi Boehm, Adsorpsi


Full Text:

PDF

References


Aygun, A., Yenisoy-Karak, S., Duman, 1.,(2003), "Production of Granular Activated Carbon from Fruit Stones and Nutshell and Evaluation of Their Physical, Chemical and Adsorption Properties", Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 66,189-195

Benaddi, H., Bandosz, T.J., Jagiello J., Schwarz, J.A., Rouzaud, J.N., Legras, D., Beguin, F., (2000), "Surface Functionality and Porosity of Activated Carbons Obtained from Chemical Activation of Wood", Carbon, 38,669-674

Boehm, H.P., (1994), "Some Aspects of Surface Chemistry of Carbon Blacks and Other Carbons", Carbon, 32, 759-769

Do, D.D., (1998), "Adsorption Analysis: Equilibria and Kinetics", vol.2, pp. 1-2, 4-6, 13-17, 50-53, Imperial College Press, London, UK

El-Sayed, Y., Bandosz, T.J., (2004), "Adsorption of Valeric Acid from Aqueous Solution onto Activated Carbons: Role of Surface Basic Sites", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 273, 64-72

Faria, P.C.C., 6rtao, J.J.M., Pereira, M.F.R., (2004), "Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes on Activated Carbons with Different Surface Chemistries", Water Research, 38, 2043-2052

Figueiredo, J.L., Pereira, M.F.R., Freitas, M.M.A., Orfao, J.J.M., (1999), "Modification ofThe Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbon", Carbon, 39, 1379-1389

Garcia, T., Murillo, R., Cazorla-Amor6s, D., Mastral, A.M., Linares-Solano, A., (2004), "Role of The Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry in The Adsorption of Phenanthrene", Carbon,42, 1683-1689 Henning, K.D., Bongartz, W., Degel, J., ( 1989), "Purification of Air, Water, and Off Gas - Solvent Recovery", J9'h Biennial Conf.Carbon, Pennsylvania, USA

Laszlo, K., Josepovits, K., Tombacz, E., (200 I), "Analysis of Active Sites on Synthetic Carbon Surfaces by Various Methods", Analytical Sciences, 17, 1741-1744

Leon y Leon, C.A., Solar, J.M., Calemma, V., Radovic, L.R., (1992), "Evidence for the Protonation of Basal Plane Sites on Carbon", Carbon, 30, 792-811

Lopez-Ramon, M.V., Stoeckli, F., Moreno­ Castilla, C., Carrasco-Marin, F., (1999), "On the Characterization of Acidic and Basic Surface Sites on Carbons by Various Techniques”, Carbon, 37, 1215-1221

Franz, M., Arafat, H.A., Pinto, N.G., (2000), "Effect of Chemical Surface Heterogeneity on the Adsorption Mechanism of Dissolved Aromatics on Activated Carbon", Carbon, 38, 1807-1819

Moreno-Castilla, C., Carrasco-Marin, F., Maldonado-Hodar, Rivera-Utrilla, J., (1998), "Effects of Non-Oxidant and Oxidant Acid Treatments on the Surface Properties of An Activated Carbon with Low Ash Content", Carbon. 36, 145-151

Moreno-Castilla, C., Lopez-Ramon, M.V., Carrasco-Marin, F., (2000), "Changes of Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbons by Wet0xidation", Carbon, 38, 1995-2001

Park, S.J., Jang, Y.S., Shim, J.W., Ryu, S.K., (2003), "Studies on Pore Structures and Surface Functional Groups of Pitch- Based Activated Carbon Fibers", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 260, 259-264

Pereira, M.F.R., Soares, S.F., Orfao, J.J.M., Figueiredo, J.L., (2003), ''Adsorption of Dyes on Activated Carbons: Influence of Surface Chemical Groups", Carbon, 41, 811-821

Radovic, L.R., Silva, I.F., Ume, J.I., Menendez, J.A., Leon y Leon, C.A., Scaroni, A.W., (1997), "An Experimental and Theoretical Study of The Adsorption of Aromatics Possessing Electron-Withdrawing and Electron-Donating Functional Groups by Chemically Modified Activated Carbons", Carbon,35, 1339-1348

Rios, R.R.V.A., Alves, D.E., Dalmazio, I., Bento, S.F.V., Donnici, C.L., Lago, R.M.,(2003), "Tailoring Activated Carbon by Surface Chemical Modification with 0, S, and N Containing Molecules", Materials Research,6, 129-135

Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., (1998), "The Role of Carbon Materials in Heterogeneous Catalysis", Carbon, 36, 159-175

Wang, S., Lu, G.Q., (1998), "Effect of Acidic Treatments on The Pore and Surface Properties of Ni Catalyst Supported in Activated Carbon", Carbon, 36, 283-292 Yang, R.T, (2003), "Adsorbent: Fundamentals and Application", pp. 86-89, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey, USA




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.6

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia

Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia (JTKI) published by Asosiasi Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik Kimia Indonesia (APTEKIM)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.