Distilasi reaktif metanol-asam asetat-metil asetat-air

Cheryl Raditya, Widya Wahyuni, Danu Ariono

Abstract


In chemical industry, efficiency of the production unit becomes an important factor. Reaction and separation can be done simultaneously in reactive distillation column. This method is used in esterification of acetic acid with methanol to produce methyl acetate and water. The purpose of this research is to study the separation processes through distillation for reactive components by identifying feed   composition effects on degree of separation. This research is done by varying methanol and acetic acid in feed composition in batch distillation with total reflux condition.  The feed  compositions  used during this research  is 50%/50%,   75%/25%,  33%/67%  and  67%/33%-volume  methanol/acetic  acid.  Through this research, feed composition with 67%-volume methanol/33%-volume acetic acid is the best composition for  acetic acid-methanol-methyl acetate-water   system   in   reactive distillation. Feed composition affects top and bottom temperature of the column and distillate composition.  Top and bottom temperature of the column gets lower if there is lighter component in feed composition. But too many light components in feed composition will decrease separation degree in reactive distillation column because light component will be drawn to distillate. 

Key words: reactive distillation, esterification, methyl acetate

 

Abstrak

Penggunaan unit produksi yang efektif telah menjadi faktor yang sangat diperhatikan dalam dunia industri. Dalam industri berbasis teknik kimia, reaksi dan pemisahan dapat dilakukan bersamaan dalam satu alat, dengan distilasi reaktif. Metode ini digunakan dalam proses esterifikasi asam asetat dan metanal menghasilkan metil asetat dan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pemisahan dengan cara distilasi untuk komponen­komponen yang bereaksi dengan mengidentifikasi pengaruh komposisi umpan dalam kolom distilasi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan komposisi umpan metanal dan asam asetat dalam sistem   distilasi batch dengan kondisi refluks total. Pada percobaan menggunakan empat variasi komposisi umpan, yaitu campuran 50% /50%, 75%/25%, 33%/67% dan 67%/33%-volume   metanol/asam asetat. Dari percobaan, diperoleh komposisi umpan yang paling tepat untuk sistem asam asetatmetanol-metil asetat-air dalam kolom distilasi reaktif adalah 67%/33%-volume metanol/asam asetat.  Komposisi umpan mempengaruhi temperatur bagian alas dan bagian bawah kolom serta komposisi distilat. Makin banyak komponen ringan dalam umpan, makin rendah temperatur bagian atas dan bagian bawah kolom. Akan tetapi, komposisi reaktan ringan yang terlalu banyak di dalam umpan akan menurunkan derajat pemisahan produk dalam kolom distilasi reaktif karena komponen ringan akan terbawa dalam produk distilat.

Kata Kunci: distilasi reaktif, esterifikasi, metil asetat


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.2.7

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