Penggunaan limbah tempe dalam biodegradasi zat warna azo menggunakan bioreaktor membran aerob-anaerob
Abstract
Tempeh waste is a form of waste that still has an economic value, due to its relatively high organic and nutrient content compared to yeast extract. In this research, tempeh waste was used as a co-substrate for the removal of azo dye from textile industry effluent using an aerobic-anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The bioreactor consists of a modified activated sludge process, i.e. a contact-stabilization process coupled with anoxic reactor and combined with an external ultrafiltration membrane to replace the sedimentation process in conventional activated sludge process. The feed consists of Remazol Black-5 azo dye at a concentration of 110-120 mg/L, and tempeh waste as an organic and nutrient source at 8-10% v/v concentration. An experiment was done to measure the effect of hydraulic retention time on dye removal, by varying the HRT in the contact tank at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours, and that of stabilization- and anoxic tanks kept constant at 4 and 3 hours. From the experiment a 41-51% removal of the dye and 46-65% removal of organic compounds were obtained. The highest dye and organic compound removal was obtained at a contact HRT of 2 hours, namely 51% of dye removal and 65% of organic removal efficiencies. An auto-oxidation process occurs in the contact tank, resulting in an increase in the dye concentration.
Keywords: tempeh waste, membrane bioreactor, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), contact tank, azo dye.
Abstrak
Limbah tempe merupakan salah satu limbah yang masih memiliki nilai ekonomis, karena kandungan senyawa organik dan nutrien yang terdapat didalamnya masih relatif tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan yeast extract. Dalam penelitian ini limbah tempe digunakan sebagai ko-substrat untuk penyisihan zat warna azo dari industri tekstil dengan menggunakan bioreaktor membran aerob-anaerob. Bioreaktor terdiri dari modifikasi proses lumpur aktif yaitu proses kontak-stabilisasi yang dihubungkan dengan reaktor anoksik dan dikombinasikan dengan membran ultrafiltrasi secara eksternal. Umpan terdiri dari zat warna azo Remazol Black-5 pada konsentrasi 110-120 mg/L dan limbah tempe sebagai sumber organik dan nutrien dengan konsentrasi 8-10% v/v. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengamati pengaruh waktu retensi hidrolik (hydraulic retention time, HRT) tangki kontak terhadap penyisihan warna dengan variasi HRT tangki kontak antara 1, 1½, 2, 2½ dan 3 jam, sedangkan tangki stabilisasi dan anoksik pada HRT konstan 4 dan 3 jam. Dari percobaan dihasilkan penyisihan warna berkisar antara 41-51% dan penyisihan senyawa organik antara 46-65%. Baik penyisihan warna maupun senyawa organik terbesar dihasilkan pada HRT kontak 2 jam yaitu 51% untuk penyisihan warna dan 65% untuk penyisihan senyawa organik. Pada tangki kontak terjadi autoksidasi yang menyebabkan kenaikan konsentrasi warna.
Kata Kunci: limbah tempe, bioreaktor membran, waktu retensi hidrolik (HRT), tangki kontak, zat warna azo.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Barragán, B. E.; Costa, C.; Marquez, M. C., Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media, Dyes and Pigments, 2007, Vol. 75(1), 73-81.
Brik, M.; Schoeberl, P.; Chamam, B.; Braun, R.; Fuchs, W., Advanced treatment of textile wastewater towards reuse using a membrane bioreactor, Process Biochemistry, 2006, Vol. 41(8), 1751–1757.
Eaton, A. D.; Clesceri, L. S.; Greenberg, A. E., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; 19th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., 1995.
Gong, Z.; Yang, F.; Liu, S.; Bao, H.; Hu, S.; Furukawa, K., Feasibility of a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor to achieve single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal based on Anammox, Chemosphere, 2007, Vol. 69(5), 776–784.
Hsueh, C.; Chen, B.; Yen, C., Understanding effects of chemical structure on azo dye decolorization characteristics by Aeromonas hydrophila, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, Vol. 167(1-3), 995-1001.
Kalme, S. D.; Parshetti, G. K.; Jadhav, S. U.; Govindwar, S. P., Biodegradation of benzidine based dye Direct Blue-6 by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112, Bioresource Technology, 2007, Vol. 98(7), 1405–1410.
Komala, P. S.; Effendi, A. J.; Wenten, I. G.; Wisjnuprapto, Pengaruh waktu retensi hidrolis reaktor anoksik terhadap biodegradasi zat warna azo reaktif menggunakan bioreaktor membran aerob anoksik, Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 2008, Vol. 4(4).
Komala, P. S.; Effendi, A. J.; Wenten, I. G.; Wisjnuprapto, Pengaruh Aerasi terhadap Membran Bioreaktor External untuk biodegradasi Zat Warna Azo, Seminar Nasional Penelitian Masalah Lingkungan di Indonesia, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 6 Agustus, 2009.
Khehra, M. S.; Saini, H. S.; Sharma, D. K.; Chadha, B. S.; Chimni, S. S., Decolorization of various azo dyes by bacterial consortium, Dyes and Pigments, 2005, Vol. 67(1), 55-61.
Kuscu, Ö. S.; Sponza, D. T., Effects of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and Sludge Retention Time (SRT) on the Treatment of Nitrobenzene in AMBR/CSTR Reactor Systems, Environmental Technology, 2007, Vol. 28(3), 285- 296.
Li, Y .Z.; He ,Y. L.; Ohandja, D. G.; Ji, J.; Li, J. F.; Zhou, T., Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification achieved by an innovative internal-loop airlift MBR: Comparative study, Bioresource Technology, 2008, Vol. 99(13), 5867-5872.
Lodato, A.; Alfieri, F.; Olivieri, G.; DiDonato, A.; Marzocchella, A.; Salatino, P., Azo-dye conversion by means of Pseudomonas sp. OX1, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2007, Vol. 41(5), 646-652.
Mohanty, S.; Dafale, N.; Rao, N. N., Microbial decolorization of reactive black-5 in a two-stage anaerobic–aerobic reactor using acclimatized activated textile sludge, Biodegradation, 2006, Vol. 17(5), 403–413.
Murata, K.; Ikehata ,H.; Miyamoto, T., Studies on the Nutritional Value of Tempeh, Journal of Food Science, 1967, Vol. 32(5), 580-586.
Pandey, A.; Singh, P.; Iyengar, L., Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2007, Vol. 59(2), 73-84.
Padmavathy, S.; Sandhya, S.; Swaminathan, K.; Subrahmanyam, Y. V.; Chakrabarti, T.; Kaul, S.N., Aerobic Decolorization of Reactive Azo Dyes in Presence of Various Cosubstrates, Chemical and Biochemichal Engineering Quarterly, 2003, Vol. 17(2), 147-151.
Smith, B.; O’Neal, G.; Boyter, H.; Pisczek, J., Decolorizing textile dye wastewater by anoxic/aerobic treatment, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2007, Vol. 82(1), 16–24.
Van der Zee, F. P.; Villaverde, S., Combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment of azo dyes—a short review of bioreactor studies, Water Research, 2005, Vol. 39(8), 1425–1440.
Wahyuni, S.; Mubiarti, E.; Yunita, R., Pengukuran gas pada pengolahan limbah warna CIRB 5 dengan konsentrasi 60 mg/L dalam tahapan reaksi sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), Infomatek, 2003, Vol. 5(3), 153-160.
Wisjnuprapto; Kardena, E.; Artha, W., Penyisihan zat warna azo CIRO-16 dalam modifikasi proses kontak-stabilisasi menggunakan limbah cair industri tempe, Jurnal Biosains, 1999, Vol. 4(1), 26-30.
Wisjnuprapto; Kardena, E.; Ali, A.; Suhardi, S., Removal of Textile Azo Dyes using Bacteria and Activated Carbon, Workshop on Environmental Technology Diffusion in the Asia-Pacific Region, Yokkaichi City, Japan, March 7-8, 2002.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2009.8.3.5
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia (JTKI) published by Asosiasi Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik Kimia Indonesia (APTEKIM)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.