Pengambilan senyawa polisakarida ekstraseluler dari mikroorganisme dalam lumpur aktif sebagai adsorben logam berat
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccaride extraction from activated sludge microorganism as heavy-metal adsorbent. Microorganisms in the form of bioagregate are the main component of activated sludge. It generally has an ability to produce EPS (extracellular polymeric substances). The important components in EPS are polysaccharides and proteins. EPS recovery from the activated sludge may be done by many extraction methods. Six of the extraction methods to extract EPS from the activated sludge have been studied in this research, such are: Middle Speed Centrifugation, Regular Centrifugation, NaOH Extraction, EDTA Extraction, Steaming Extraction and Sonication. EPS solution in the following step would be tested its performances as adsorbent of copper heavy metal. The research result shows that the best extraction method for EPS extraction was NaOH Extraction method. The amount of the polysaccharides obtained was 18,09 mg EPS/g TSS. On other hand, Steaming Extraction was the most ineffective extraction method. This method gives the polysaccharides result in the least amount, i.e., about 4,96 mg EPS/g TSS. In this research, the protein content was not detected in the all used EPS solution. In the adsorption test, the adsorption phenomena of copper metal with EPS adsorbent fitted to the Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation. The values of Freundlich's a constant (k and n) each were 2,282 and 0,963. The average maximum adsmption capaciry of EPS to metal Cu was 88,34 mg Cu/gEPS.
Keywords: Adsorption, Heavy Metal, Activated Sludge, Extraction Methods, Polysaccharides Extracellular, Copper.
Abstrak
Mikroorganisme dalam bentuk bioagregat adalah merupakan penyusun utama lumpur aktif, memiliki sifat umum yaitu dalam kemampuannya memproduksi SPE (Senyawa Polimer Ekstraselluler). Komponen utama dari SPE adalah polisakarida dan protein. Pengambilan SPE dari bioagregat dapat dilakukan dengan banyak metode ekstraksi.Pada penelitian ini telah dipelajari karakteristik enam metode ekstraksi, yaitu: Sentrifugasi Kecepatan Sedang, Sentrifugasi Reguler, Ekstraksi dengan NaOH. Ekstraksi dengan EDTA, Ekstraksi dengan Pemanasan dan Sonikasi. Larutan SPE yang diperoleh, kemudian diuji kinerjanya sebagai adsorben logam berat tembaga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi terbaik adalah metode Ekstraksi dengan NaOH, dengan perolehan polisakarida sebesar 18,09 mg/g TSS. Sedangkan Ekstraksi dengan pemanasan merupakan metode ekstraksi yang paling tidak efektif dengan perolehan polisakarida paling sedikit, yaitu sekitar 4,96 mg/g TSS. Pada penelitian ini tidak dijumpai adanya protein di dalam larutan SPE dari semua metode ekstraksi yang diterapkan. Pada uji adsorpsi, peristiwa adsorpsi logam Cu dengan larutan SPE lebih mengikuti persamaan adsorpsi isoterm Freundlich dengan harga konstanta k dan n masing-masing sebesar 2,282 dan 0,963. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum rata-rata SPE terhadap logam Cu adalah sebesar 88,34 mg Cu/g SPE.
Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, Logam Berat, Lumpur Aktif, Metode Ekstraksi, Polisakarida Ekstraselluler, Tembaga.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.7
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