Sintesis Merkaptoetil Karboksilat sebagai Bahan Baku Stabiliser Termal Polivinil Klorida: Variasi Sumber Asam Lemak

I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan, Adli Azharuddin, Dendy Adityawarman, Dicka Ar Rahim

Abstract


Abstrak. Merkaptoetil karboksilat merupakan bahan baku stabiliser termal polivinil klorida atau polyvinyl chloride (PVC) berbasis timah organik. Stabiliser termal perlu ditambahkan ke dalam resin PVC sebelum diekstrusi untuk mencegah kerusakan karena pengerjaan panas. Stabiliser termal PVC dari timah organik dikenal sangat efektif, khususnya untuk aplikasi PVC kaku seperti pipa dan bingkai jendela. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sintesis merkaptoetil karboksilat dari asam lemak dan merkapto etanol dengan variasi sumber asam lemak yang meliputi asam lemak sawit, dedak padi dan biji kapuk. Percobaan dilakukan dalam sebuah reaktor partaian (batch) dengan asam kuat sebagai katalis. Percobaan dilakukan pada temperatur 60-80°C dan ekses merkapto etanol 10%. Kinerja sintesis dievaluasi melalui pengukuran kadar gugus merkaptan dan angka asam dalam produk serta perolehan produk. Pada rentang temperatur 60-80°C, ketiga asam lemak memberikan produk dengan kadar merkaptan pada rentang 6,4-7,8%.  Temperatur 70°C merupakan temperatur terbaik karena menghasilkan produk dengan kadar merkaptan tertinggi tanpa memadat selama penyimpanan. Pada temperatur ini, produk memiliki angka asam pada rentang 11-41 mg KOH/g dan perolehan pada rentang 70-81%. Ketiga sumber asam lemak memberikan produk dengan kadar merkaptan yang mencukupi untuk dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku stabiliser PVC. Mempertimbangkan kualitas produk dan ketersediaan di pasaran, distilat asam lemak sawit dipandang sebagai bahan baku yang paling baik.

 

Kata kunci: asam lemak, merkaptoetil karboksilat, polivinil klorida, stabiliser termal.

 

Abstract. Synthesis of Mercaptoethyl Carboxylate as Raw Materials for Polyvinyl Chloride Thermal Stabilizer: Variation in Fatty Acid Source. Mercaptoethyl carboxylate is a raw material for organotin-based polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thermal stabilizer. Thermal stabilizers need to be added to the PVC resin before extruded to prevent degradation due to heat treatment. Organotin PVC stabilizers are known to be very effective, especially for rigid PVC applications such as pipes and frames. This study was aimed to evaluate the synthesis of mercaptoethyl carboxylate from fatty acids and mercaptoethanol with various sources of fatty acids including palm, rice bran and kapok seed fatty acids. The experiment was carried out in a batch reactor with a strong acid as a catalyst. The experiments were conducted at 60-80°C and 10% mercapto ethanol excess. The performance of synthesis was evaluated by measuring mercaptan and acid contents and yield. In the range of 60-80°C, all three fatty acids provided products with mercaptan levels in the range of 6.4-7.8%. A temperature of 70°C is the best temperature as it gave a product with the highest mercaptan content without solidification during storage. At this temperature, the product had acid values in the range 11-41 mg KOH/g and yields in the range of 70-81%. Considering product quality and availability in the market, palm fatty acid distillate was seen as the best raw material.

 

Keywords: fatty acid, mercaptoethyl carboxylate, polyvinyl chloride, thermal stabilizer.

 

Graphical Abstract


Keywords


asam lemak, merkaptoetil karboksilat, polivinil klorida, stabiliser termal.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2019.18.2.3

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