Investigasi Waktu Reaksi dan Komposisi Stokiometri pada Esterifikasi Rosin dari Getah Pinus Merkusii
Abstract
Abstrak. Gondorukem adalah resin alami yang berasal dari getah pohon pinus merkusii. Senyawa yang terkandung di dalam rosin sebagian besar terdiri dari asam abietat dan asam pimarat. Keberadaan senyawa asam tersebut menyebabkan gondorukem dan produk turunannya mudah teroksidasi. Esterifikasi dilakukan sebagai salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan ketahanan produk turunan gondorukem terhadap oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh poduk turunan rosin melalui esterifikasi dengan gliserol. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah waktu reaksi dan komposisi perbandingan rosin/gliserol. Reaksi esterifikasi terbukti berhasil dilakukan dengan adanya gugus fungsi ester yang teramati pada sampel produk menggunakan instrumen FT-IR. Kondisi operasi sampel FT-IR adalah waktu reaksi selama 5 jam, temperatur 250oC, dan perbandingan stoikiometri rosin/gliserol = 3:1. Perubahan gugus fungsi serapan dari asam karboksilat menjadi bentuk ester menunjukkan kondisi operasi dan perbandingan stoikiometri sudah cukup baik untuk reaksi sintesis esterifikasi rosin. Angka asam minimum hasil percobaan adalah 30,92 mg KOH/g sampel, dengan intensitas warna 82,4%. Hasil tersebut diperoleh dengan perbandingan stoikiometri rosin/gliserol = 2:1.
Kata kunci: gondorukem, esterifikasi, gliserol, angka asam, warna, FT-IR.
Abstract. Investigations of Reaction Time and Stoichiometeric Composition of Rosin Esterification from Merkus Pine Oleoresin. Gondorukem is natural resin, derived from merkus pine. Gondorukem consist mostly of abetic acid and pimaric acid. Acid compound cause gondorukem and its derivative products easily oxidized. Esterification was done as one of method to increase oxidation resistance of gondorukem and its derivative products. This study aims to obtain rosin-derived product through esterification with glycerol. Reaction time and ratio of rosin/glycerol was used for experiment variable. Esterification reaction was successfully performed indicated by the appearance of ester functional groups that can be seen by using FT-IR instrument in product samples. Operating conditions of FT-IR sample was reaction time for 5 hours, 250oC temperature, and rosin/glycerol stoichiometry ratio = 3:1. Functional groups change from carboxylates acid to esters form indicate that operating condition and stoichiometry ratio used in this study already satisfied for rosin esterification sysnthesis reaction. Minimum acid number obtained from this study was 30,92 mg KOH/g sample, with color intensity 82,4%. This result was achieved with rosin/glycerol stoichiometry ratio = 2:1.
Keywords: Gondorukem, esterification, glycerol, acid number, color, FT-IR.
Keywords
References
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