Pengembangan katalis Kalsium Oksida untuk sintesis biodiesel

Widdy Andya Fanny, S Subagjo, Tirto Prakoso

Abstract


The Improvement of Calcium Oxide Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis The development of industrial’s sector resulted in increasing demand for fuel. Fuel used is obtained from fossil fuel which is limited, and it produces several harmful gases to environment. To overcome these obstacles, the research on alternative energy resources has begun. Biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and it is made from renewable resources. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oil by transesterification reaction. The aim of this research is development of CaO become super base CaO as heterogeneous for biodiesel synthesis by transesterification. The activities of both catalysts were tested by transesterification reaction in batch reactor at 60–65 oC for 4 hours. Both of those catalysts were characterized; include crystallinity by XRD, strength of base and surface area by BET method. Those solids have the basic strength about 10–11, crystalline structures, and the surface area of super base CaO about 7.7 m2/g and CaO about 9.6 m2/g. The content of methyl ester in biodiesel produced reaches 98.8%. According to SNI (minimal 96.5 %-wt) and ASTM, biodiesel of this reaction can be used as renewable energy source. Keywords: CaO, super base CaO, transesterification, biodiesel Abstrak Berkembangnya industri di dunia mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan bahan bakar. Selama ini bahan bakar yang digunakan diperoleh dari bahan bakar fosil yang jumlahnya terbatas, terlebih lagi hasil pembakaran bahan bakar fosil cenderung tidak ramah lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi berbagai kendala yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan bahan bakar fosil, penelitian terhadap sumber energi alternatif mulai dilakukan. Biodiesel menarik perhatian dunia karena hasil pembakarannya lebih ramah lingkungan dan berasal dari sumber yang terbarukan. Biodiesel dihasilkan dari minyak nabati melalui reaksi transesterifikasi.Penelitian ini mengembangkan katalis CaO menjadi katalis CaO super basa untuk reaksi transesterifikasi pembentukan biodiesel. Aktivitas katalis CaO dan katalis CaO super basa tersebut diuji melalui reaksi transesterifikasi di dalam reaktor partaian pada suhu 60–65 oC selama 4 jam. Karakterisasi padatan meliputi uji kristalinitas dengan metode XRD, uji kekuatan basa, dan uji luas permukaan dengan metode BET. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padatan memiliki kekuatan basa berkisar 10–11, bersifat kristalin, dan memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 7,7 m2/g untuk CaO super basa dan 9,6 m2/g untuk CaO. Kadar metil ester biodiesel yang dihasilkan mencapai 98,8%. Kadar metil ester menurut SNI (minimal 96,5 %-b) dan ASTM, biodiesel dari reaksi ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Kata Kunci: CaO, CaO super basa, transesterifikasi, biodiesel

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.1

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