Pembuatan karbohidrazida dari hidrazin dan asam sianurat

I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan, Alfandra Ihsan, S Sofyan

Abstract


Hydrazine is commonly used as an oxygen scavenger in boiler feed water treatment. However, this compound is very flammable and is a carcinogenic substance. The industries in developed countries has studied the alternatives for hydrazine since long time ago and started to replace hydrazine. Carbohydrazide is known to be a good alternative for hydrazine. This research is aimed to understand the synthesis routes of carbohydrazide and to determine the best route as well as to develope a detail procedure of carbohydrazide preparation for local application. Literature study showed that carbohydrazide can be made by reacting hydrazine and cyanuric acid, phosgene, dimethyl carbonate or diphenyl carbonate. The synthesis path which is appropriate to be applied in Indonesia is that via cyanuric acid. From laboratory testing, a detail procedure for making carbohydrazide from hydrazine and cyanuric acid has been developed. In the range of experimental conditions studied, carbohydrazide with purity of 90-92% could be obtained with yield of 20-60%.

Keywords: Carbohydrazide, cyanuric acid, hydrazine

 

Abstrak

Hidrazin umumnya digunakan sebagai pengikat oksigen dalam pengolahan air umpan boiler. Akan tetapi, senyawa ini merupakan bahan kimia yang mudah terbakar dan bersifat karsinogenik. Industri-industri di negara maju sudah lama mengkaji alternatif pengganti hidrazin sebagai pengikat oksigen dan sudah mulai meninggalkan hidrazin. Senyawa yang diperkirakan potensial untuk menggantikan hidrazin adalah karbohidrazida. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami rute sintesis karbohidrazida dan menentukan rute yang tepat serta menyusun langkah-langkah detil proses pembuatan karbohidrazida untuk penerapan lokal di tanah air. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa karbohidrazida dapat diperoleh dengan mereaksikan hidrazin hidrat dan asam sianurat, fosgen, dimetil karbonat atau difenil karbonat. Alur yang diperkirakan tepat untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia adalah alur melalui asam sianurat. Melalui uji coba di laboratorium, prosedur pembuatan karbohidrazida dari hidrazin dan asam sianurat yang detil telah disusun. Pada kondisi yang dikaji, karbohidrazida dengan kemurnian90-92% dapat disintesis dengan perolehan pada rentang 20-60%.

Kata kunci: karbohidrazida, asam sianurat, hidrazin.


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2010.9.3.2

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