Ekstraksi senyawa fenolik antioksidan dari daun dan tangkai gambir

Margareth Gani, Yesisca Cuaca, Aning Ayucitra, Nani Indraswati

Abstract


Extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves and stems of uncaria gambir

Gambir (Uncaria gambir) contains catechin polyphenols (catechins) which is useful as natural antioxidant to counteract free radicals. Gambir may also be used in modern medicine, also as paint or dye clothing. The objective of this research was to study the effect of type of solvent, solvent concentration, and extraction temperature to the yield and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of extracts. Gambir was firstly blended without the addition of water prior to extraction using a solvent extraction method. The filtrate was separated from solid residue and evaporated to obtain extract powder. The yield and TPC of the resulting extract powder were then analyzed. Antioxidant activity and catechins content of extracts were also studied. As result, the following extraction condition gave extracts with the highest yield and TPC: with 50% ethanol solution as solvent at 75 oC gave 11.12% and 52.352 g GAE/100 g gambir extract, respectively; whilst with 70% ethyl acetate solution as solvent at 65 oC gave 5.28% and 59.346 g GAE/100 g gambir extract, respectively. The antioxidant activity of extracts, calculated as IC50, for solvent ethanol and ethyl acetate were as follows: 8.9 mg extract/mL and 13.8 mg extract/mL, respectively; whilst the catechins content of extracts were 62,18% and 44,85%, respectively.

Keywords: Uncaria gambir, solvent extraction, catechins, antioxidants

 

Abstrak

Gambir (Uncaria gambir) mengandung polifenol katekin (catechin) yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan antioksidan alami yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Selain itu, gambir juga dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan obat-obatan modern dan pewarna cat atau pakaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis pelarut, konsentrasi pelarut, dan suhu ekstraksi terhadap perolehan dan kandungan senyawa fenolik (TPC) ekstrak gambir. Daun dan tangkai gambir mula-mula diblender tanpa penambahan air. Proses ekstraksi gambir dilakukan pada berbagai jenis pelarut, konsentrasi pelarut, dan suhu ekstraksi denganmetode ekstraksi pelarut. Setelah padatan dipisahkan dengan pelarutnya, pelarut diuapkan untuk mendapatkan serbuk ekstrak gambir. Serbuk ekstrak gambir dianalisis perolehan dan kandungan senyawa fenoliknya. Aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar katekin ekstrak juga dianalisis. Ekstrak daun gambir dengan perolehan dan TPC tertinggi untuk pelarut etanol (11,12% dan 52,352 g GAE/100 g gambir ekstrak) diperoleh pada konsentrasi etanol 50% dan suhu ekstraksi 75oC. Untuk pelarut etil asetat, perolehan dan TPC tertinggi (5,28% dan 59,346 g GAE/100 g gambir ekstrak) diperoleh pada konsentrasi etil asetat 70% dan suhu ekstraksi 65 oC. Pada masing-masing kondisi terbaik tersebut, ekstrak yang didapat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan (dalam IC50) dan kadar katekin sebesar 8,9 mg ekstrak/mL dan 62,18% untuk ekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol serta 13,8 mg ekstrak/mL dan 44,85% untuk pelarut etil asetat.

Kata kunci: Uncaria gambir, ekstraksi pelarut, katekin, antioksidan

 


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2013.12.2.4

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