Pengaruh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun pada kualitas pembakaran gas produser dari gasifikasi skala rumah tangga

Anton Irawan, Hafid Alwan, Faroukiyah Mustika

Abstract


The effect of bed height and density on producer gas combustion quality from house hold scale gasification.

Increased energy demand caused the crude oil to be expensive and limited so that renewable energy could be a solution of the crisis energy in the future. Rice husk that produced from rice mill had potential as energy in the rural area due to had energy content around 3000-3500 kcal/kg. Rice husk had proximate analysis for  fixed carbon 15%, volatile matter 50%, ash 20%, and moisture 15% so that rice husk could be converted to the gas by gasification. Gas producer that was produced by gasification can be used for household fuel. The aim of this research was to observe influence of density and height of rice husk bed to the flame of the gas producer combustion in the small scale gasification. Small scale gasification was done in gasification stove  that had capacity 1000 g rice husk. Variations in this research were density of rice husk bed (85, 95, and 105 kg/m3) and height of rice husk bed (25, 40, and 55 cm). Parameter of quality of gas producer combustion was holding time of the flame temperature above 500 oC.  The results showed the combustion quality of the gas producer was influenced by density and height of rice husk bed.

Keywords: rice husk, gasification, gas producer, bed height, bed density

 

Abstrak

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi menyebabkan minyak bumi menjadi mahal dan terbatas sehingga energi terbarukan dapat menjadi solusi untuk menggantikan minyak bumi pada masa mendatang. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan adalah sekam padi  yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan padi dengan kandungan energi 3000-3500 kcal/kg sekam padi kering. Sekam padi  memiliki  komposisi karbon sekitar 15%, volatile matter 50%, abu  20%, dan kandungan air 25% sehingga sekam padi dapat dikonversi melalui proses gasifikasi. Dengan metode gasifikasi skala rumah tangga, gas produser yang dihasilkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan bakar rumah tangga.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengamati pengaruh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun terhadap kualitas pembakaran gas produser hasil gasifikasi sekam padi. Parameter kualitas pembakaran adalah pengukuran temperatur lidah api dengan  posisi tetap. Waktu tahan temperatur di atas 500 oC menjadi standar kualitas proses gasifikasi sekam padi yang dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan dan tinggi unggun sekam padi.  Gasifikasi dilakukan pada kompor gasifikasi skala rumah tangga yang mampu memuat sekam padi 1000 g. Variasi tinggi unggun adalah 25, 40, dan 55 cm serta kerapatan unggun 85, 95, dan 105 kg/m3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pembakaran gas produser dipengaruhi oleh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun.

Kata kunci: sekam padi, gasifikasi, gas produser, tinggi unggun, kerapatan unggun


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.3.6

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