Biodegradable polymer dari asam laktat
Abstract
The objective of this research is to learn and to make the biodegradable polymer, Poly(lactic acid), from lactic acid by condensation polymerization without catalyst. Poly(lactic acid) that will be produced in this research should have the molecular weight between 3000-5000 grams/mole. The scopes of this research are the_purification of lactic acid, purity analysis, polymerization reaction, and polymer's characteristic analysis. The method of lactic acid purification is distillation in nitrogen atmosphere. Polymerization reaction which is used in this research is the condensation polymerization without catalyst. The polymer's characteristics that will be analyzed are molecular weight and degradation time Molecular weight is analyzed by viscosimetry method and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Degradation time is analyzed by landfill method Based on this research, purification of D,L-lactic acid (91%-weight) reaches 98%-weight and for L-lactic acid (93%-weight) reaches 96%-berat. Molecular weight of D,L-lactic acid between 450-3600 grams/mole and L-lactic acid between 4200-8500 grams/mole. The degradation time of polymer is 5 weeks.
Keywords: Poly(lactic acid), polymer, biodegradable
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mensintesis biodegradable polymer, Poly(lactic acid) dari asam laktat melalui reaksi polimerisasi kondensasi tanpa katalis. Poly(lactic acid) yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan memiliki berat molekul antara 3000-5000 gram/mol. Ruang lingkup penelitian meliputi pemurnian asam laktat, analisa kemurnian asam laktat, reaksi polimerisasi kondensasi dan karakterisasi polimer. Pemurnian asam laktat dilakukan melalui distilasi pada atmosfer nitrogen dan tekanan 1 atmosfer. Reaksi polimerisasi dilakukan melalui polimerisasi kondensasi tanpa katalis dengan variasi waktu reaksi pengadukan mekanik dan laju pemanasan. Karakteristik polimer yang dianalisis adalah berat molekul dan waktu degradasi. Berat molekul dianalisis dengan metode GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) dan viskosimetri. Degradasi polimer dilakukan secara landfill. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, pemurnian asam laktat untuk monomer D,L-Lacticacid (91%-berat) mencapai 98%-berat sedangkan untuk monomer L-Lactic acid (93%-berat) mencapai 96%-berat. Berat molekul yang dihasilkan untuk monomer D,L-Lactic acid adalah 450 - 3600 gram/mol sedangkan untuk monomer L-Lactic acid adalah 4200- 8500 gram/mol. Waktu degradasi polimer secara landfill adalah 5 minggu.
Kata kunci : Poly(lactic acid), polimer, biodegradable
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.5
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