Pembuatan asam lemak bercabang dari minyak kepoh

Tirto Prakoso, Tatang H Soerawidjaja, Yoel Pasae

Abstract


Oil from kepoh tree (Sterculiafoetida L.) seed kernel is a unique oil because it contains fatty acid which has a cyclopropenoid groups and has almost 90% of composition of the oil. The acid is called sterculic acid which has molecular formula C19H34O2. The fatty acids and derivates has an advance characteristic when it is used as cosmetics, lubricants, paint and plastic products. Its branched alcohol ester is expected as an additives for pour point depressant in fuel or lubricant. In this research, the sterculic acid has possibility to be converted to branched fatty acid methyl ester that is  10-methyl octadecanoic methyl ester through rearrangement of cyclopropenoid group and continued by hydrogenation of its double bond with Palladium catalyst. The product  characteristic is reported in each stage of processes in term of iodine number and saponification number. After hydrogenation for 5 hours, it's founded that iodine value for methyl ester is reduced until 2,84 and its saponification value increased up to 476.08. This is shown that saturated branched methyl ester has been formed.

Keywords: Sterculia foetida L.kepoh oil, Branched Fatty Acid, Cyclopropenoid Group, Methanolysis, Biodiesel 


Abstrak

Minyak dari inti biji buah pohon kepoh (Sterculiafoetida L.) tergolong minyak nabati yang unik karena komponen utama asam lemaknya adalah asam sterkulat yang berumus molekul C19H34O2 dengan rantai karbonnya mempunyai gugus cyclopropenoid. Asam sterkulat dapat dikonversi menjadi asam lemak bercabang yaitu  asam  10-metil  oktadekanoat C19H34O2. Asam-asam lemak ini atau turunannya dapat digunakan sebagai komponen racikan/ramuan yang melahirkan karakteristik unggul pada berbagai produk seperti kosmetik, pelumas, cat, dan plastik. Ester isopropilnya diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai bubuhan (additive), penurun titik tuang (pour point depressant) pada pelumas dan biodiesel. Pada penelitian ini, ditunjukkan bahwa asam sterkulat dalam minyak kepoh dapat dikonversi menjadi asam lemak bercabang yaitu 10-metil oktadekanoat dalam bentuk ester metilnya yang bercampur dengan ester metil lainnya, melalui rute metanolisis (transesterifikasi dengan metanol) minyak kepoh, dilanjutkan penyusunan ulang gugus siklopropenoid dan hidrogenasi ikatan-ikatan rangkap dengan katalis Palladium. Setelah hidrogenasi selama 5jam ditemukan bahwa bahwa angka iodium ester metil sudah tereduksi sampai 2,84 dan angka penyabunan meningkat sampai 476,08. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terbentuk ester metil bercabang yang jenuh, yaitu 9-metil metilheptadekanoat dan 10-metil metioktadekanoat.

Kata Kunci: Sterculia foetida L. kepoh oil, Branched Fatty Acid, Cyclopropenoid Group, Methanolysis,  Biodiesel


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.1.6

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