Effects of cell concentration and coal pretreatment on desulfurization of cigalugur subbituminous coal using thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Dwiwahju Sasongko, A Ali Sjamsuriputra, Metta A Taufik, Alexis Airin

Abstract


The use of coal is forecast to increase substantially to generate energy through combustion. Coal contains chemical substances that might pollute environment if it is not properly burnt, such as sulfur and nitrogen. Sulfur removal can be carried out by chemical, physical, or biological methods. Removal of sulfur from coal by microbial action has many advantages over physical and chemical desulfurization methods, namely (i) low capital and operating cost, (ii) low energy requirements, and (iii) removal of finely dispersed sulfur. This paper reports an experimental study investigating the effects of microbial cell concentration and pretreatment of coal on sulfur removal from Indonesian subbituminous coal using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The experiments were conducted under conditions that promote performance of the microorganism, i.e. temperature of 28°C and pH of 2.5. The procedure includes blending coal with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in a laboratory scale reactor. Coal particles were sampled periodically during bio desulfurization. Its sulfur content was then measured according to ASTM D2492-90 (for pyretic sulfur) and ASTM D4239-94 (for total sulfur). Experimental findings show that sterilized coals give higher sulfur removal (49.8% for pyretic sulfur and 39.5% for total sulfur) than those non-sterilized (30.2% for pyretic sulfur and 34% for total sulfur). Furthermore, observed cell concentration and percentage of sulfur removal (for pyretic and total sulfur) decrease with initial microbial cell concentration. 

Keywords: coal, biodesulfurization, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

 

Abstrak

Penggunaan batubara diramalkan akan meningkat secara pesat untuk membangkitkan energi melalui pembakaran. Batubara mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang dapat mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dibakar secara tuntas, seperti sulfur dan nitrogen. Penghilangan sulfur dapat dilaksanakan secara kimiawi, fisik, maupun biologik. Penghilangan sulfur dari batubara melalui proses mikrobial menunjukkan banyak kelebihan dibandingkan dengan metode-metode desulfurisasi fisik dan kimiawi, yakni (i) biaya modal dan operasi yang rendah, (ii) kebutuhan energi yang rendah, dan (iii) kemampuan penghilangan sulfur yang terdispersi secara halus. Tulisan ini membahas kajian eksperimental mengenai pengaruh konsentrasi sel mikroba dan perlakuan awal batubara terhadap penghilangan sulfur dari batubara sub-bituminus Indonesia, oleh bakteri Thiobacillus ferooxidans. Percobaan dilaksanakan dalam kondisi yang mendorong kinerja bakteri, yakni temperatur sebesar 28°C dan pH sebesar 2,5. Prosedur percobaan mencakup pencampuran batubara dengan Thiobacillus ferooxidans dalam reaktor berskala laboratorium. Partikel batubara dicuplik secara berkala selama proses biodesulfurisasi. Kandungan sulfurnya kemudian diukur dengan metode ASTM D2492-90 (untuk sulfur pirit) dan ASTM D4239-94 (untuk sulfur total). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa batubara yang disterilisasi memberikan penurunan kadar sulfur terbesar (49,8% untuk sulfur pirit dan 39,5% untuk sulfur total) daripada batubara yang  tidak disterilisasi  (30,2%  untuk  sulfur pirit  dan  34% untuk sulfur  total).  Selain itu, konsentrasi sel dan persentase penghilangan sulfur (untuk sulfur pirit dan total) berkurang dengan konsentrasi sel mikroba awal.

Kata kunci: batubara, biodesulfurization, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.1.2

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